“DERIVATION AND INFLECTION”

SEMANTICS


“DERIVATION AND INFLECTION”

By:

1. Khoirul Anam ( 0735257 )

STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE
(STAIN) JURAI SIWO METRO
2009 / 2010 M



1. Find words as much as possible that show the derived words and their original forms.

No affix / suffix Original Forms Derived Form
1. -ful Beauty ( Person or thing that is beautiful ) Beautiful ( Giving pleasure to the mind or senses)
2. -ness Blind ( unable to see something ) Blindliness ( Subject that one cannot understand )
3. -ance Prefer ( like better) Preference ( thing that is liked better )
4. -able Admire ( have a good opinion ) Admirable ( deserving admiration, excellent )
5. -ity Legal ( based on the law or allowed by the law ) Legality ( state of being legal )
6. -en Cheap ( Costing little money ) Cheapen ( become or make cheap )
7. -ance Admit ( allow to enter ; let in ) Admittance ( right to enter )
8. -ize Serial ( story,etc broad cast or published in parts ) Serialize ( produce (a story, etc) in parts for the television, a magazine, etc.)
9. re- Visit ( go to see a person or place ) Revisit ( again back )
10. dis- Appear ( come in to view ; become visible ) Disappear ( reverses the meaning of the verb : come out in to view )
11. over- Book ( number of printed of paper fastened together in a cover )→ Overbook ( to much book )
12. de- Value ( estimate the money value )→ Devalue ( do the opposite of estimate )
13. mis- Identify ( show or prove who or what something ) Misidentify ( identify badly or wrongly )
14. inter- Act ( do something ; behave )→ Interact ( have an effect on each other )
15. -ant Assist ( help ) Assistant ( helper )
16. -age Pack ( number of thinks wrapped or tied together for carrying ) → Package ( number of things wrapped together ; parcel )
17. -ship Friend ( person whom one knows and likes, but who is not a relative )→ Friendship ( friendly relationship )
18. -ship Leader ( show the way, especially by going in front )→ Leadership ( position of being a leader )
19. -ment Punish ( cause to suffer in some way for doing wrong )→ Punishment ( way of punishing )
20. -fy Class ( social group at a particular level )→ Classify ( arrange into classes )

2. Find examples as much as possible of derivational suffix / affix that show the changes:


1. Adjective to noun

• suffix -ness ( complete  completeness )
• suffix –ness ( bitter  bitterness)
• suffix –ty ( honest  honesty )
• suffix –ance ( brilliant  brilliance )
• suffix –ness ( sad  sadness)
• suffix –ness ( bright  brightness )
• suffix –ness ( happy  happiness )
• Suffix –dom ( free → freedom )
• Suffix –ness ( easy → easiness )
• Suffix –ness ( lazy → laziness )
• Suffix –ance ( different → difference )
• Suffix –dom ( wise → wisdom )
• Suffix –ity ( popular → popularity )
• Suffix –ity ( credible → credibility )
• Suffix –ity ( difficult → difficulty )
• Suffix –ity ( generous → generosity )
• Suffix –en ( smart → smarten )




2. Adjective to verb

• Suffix –ize ( local - localize )
• Suffix –ize ( equal  equalize )
• Suffix –ize ( formal  formalize )
• Suffix –ize ( moral → moralize )
• Suffix –ize (stable → stabilize )
• Suffix –en ( awake → awaken )
• Suffix –en ( fast → fasten )
• Suffix –en ( short → shorten )
• Suffix –en ( deep → deepen )
• Suffix –en ( dark → darken )
• Suffix –en ( sad → sadden )
• Suffix –en ( short → shorten )
• Suffix –fy ( simple →simplify )
• Suffix –fy ( ample →amplify )
• Suffix –en ( sharp → sharpen )
• Suffix –ate ( active → activate )
• Suffix –ate ( duplex → duplicate )
• Affix en- ( rich → enrich )




3. Noun to Adjective

• Suffix –ful ( beauty  beautiful )
• Suffix –ful ( success → successful )
• Suffix –ful ( peace → peaceful )
• Suffix –al ( centre → central )
• Suffix –al ( essence → essential )
• Suffix -al ( profession → professional )
• Suffix –al ( education → educational )
• Suffix –al ( nation → national )
• Suffix –ic ( symbol→ symbolic )
• Suffix –ic ( therapy → therapeutic )
• Suffix –ish ( child → childish )
• Suffix –able ( peace  peaceable )
• Suffix –ed ( plan  planed )
• Suffix –ive ( abuse  abuse )
• Suffix –tic ( charisma  charismatic )
• Suffix –al ( ecology  ecological )
• Suffix –ic ( diplomat  diplomatic )
• Suffix –al ( nation  national )




4. Noun to verb

• Affix en- ( code → encode )
• Affix en- ( title → entitle )
• Suffix –fy ( beauty  beautify )
• Suffix –fy ( class → classify )
• Suffix –fy ( test → testify )
• Suffix –fy ( sign→ signify )
• Suffix –ize ( capital capitalize )
• Suffix –en ( haste  hasten )
• Suffix –en ( fright → frighten )
• Suffix –ate ( formula → formulate )
• Suffix –ete ( liquid → liquidate )
• Suffix –ize ( symbol → symbolize )
• Suffix –en ( light → lighten )
• Suffix –ize ( serial  serialize )




5. Verb to adjective

• Suffix –able ( avail  available )
• Suffix –able ( eat → eatable )
• Suffix –able ( drink → drinkable )
• Suffix –able ( count → countable )
• Suffix –able ( irritate → irritable )
• Suffix –ive ( create → creative )
• Suffix –ive ( communicate → communicative )
• Suffix –able ( effect → effectible )
• Suffix –ive ( imagine → imaginative )
• Suffix –ive ( attract  attractive )
• Suffix –ed ( amaze → amazed )
• Suffix –able ( negotiate → negotiable )
• Suffix –ive ( instruct  instructive )
• Suffix –ed ( disturb  disturbed )



6. Verb to noun ( abstract )

• Suffix –ion ( abolish  abolition )
• Suffix –ion ( combine  combination )
• Suffix –ion ( suggest → suggestion )
• Suffix –ion ( create → creation )
• Suffix –ion ( elect → election )
• Suffix –ion ( explain → explanation )
• Suffix –ion ( organize → organization )
• Suffix –ion ( complicate  complication )
• Suffix –re ( fail → failure )
• Suffix –re ( close → closure )
• Suffix –al ( arrive → arrival )
• Suffix –ment ( develop→ development )
• Suffix –ment ( agree  agreement )
• Suffix –ment ( argue  argument )



7. Verb to noun ( concrete )

• Suffix –er ( drive  driver )
• Suffix –er ( design  designer )
• Suffix –er ( write  writer )
• Suffix –er ( compute → computer )
• Suffix –er ( snipe → sniper )
• Suffix –ion ( locate  location )
• Suffix –er ( read → reader )
• Suffix –er ( ride  rider )
• Suffix –er ( teach → teacher )


1. Find noun inflection as much as you can

• affix –s = “book “ book-s  books
• affix –s = “ cat “ cat -s  cats
• affix –s = “ education “  education-s  educations
• affix –s = “ candidate “  candidate-s  candidates
• affix –s = “ stuff “ →stuff-s →stuffs
• affix –s = “ chief “ →chief-s →chiefs
• affix –s = “ roof “ → roof-s → roofs
• affix –s = “ safe “ → safe-s → safes
• affix –s = “ spy “ → spy-s → spies
• affix –s = “ brush “ → brush → brushes
• affix –s = “ elf “ → elf-s → elves
• affix –s = “ wife “ → wife → wives
• affix –s = “ knife “ → knife-s → knives
• affix –s = “ self “ → self-s → selves
• affix –s = “ calf “ → calf-s → calves
• affix –s = “ boy “ → boy-s → boys
• affix –s = “ factory “ → factory-s → factories
• affix –s = “ fly “ → fly-s → flies
• affix –s = “ mango “ → mango-s → mangoes
• affix –s = “ fish “ → fish-s → fishes
• affix –s = “ potato “ → potato-s → potatoes
• affix –s = “ tree “ → tree-s → trees
• affix –s = “ glass”→ glass-s → glasses
• ox → oxen ( umlaut )
• child → children ( umlaut )
• goose → geese (umlaut )
• foot  feet ( umlaut )
• tooth  teeth ( umlaut )
• mouse  mice ( umlaut )
• woman  women ( umlaut )
• man men ( umlaut )


2. Find verb inflection as much as you can

• affix –ed = “ call “→ call-ed→ called
• affix –ed = “ excel “ → excel-ed → excelled
• affix –ed = “ stop “ → stop-ed → stopped
• affix –ed = “ cycle “ → cycle-ed → cycled
• affix –ed = “ verify “ → verify-ed → verified
• affix –ed = “ lunge “ → lunge-ed → lunged
• affix –ed = “ permit “ → permit-ed→ permitted
• affix –s = “ accept “→ accept-s → accepts
• affix –s = “ bleed” → bleed-s → bleeds
• affix –s = “ carry “ → carry-s → carries
• affix –s = “ murder “ →murder-s→ murders
• affix –s = “ whisper “ →whisper-s →whispers
• affix –s = “ strike “ → strike-s → strikes
• affix –ing = “ think “ → think-ing → thinking
• affix –ing = “ suggest “ →suggest-ing → suggesting
• affix –ing = “ pray “ → pray-ing → praying
• affix –ing = “ happen “ → happen-ing → happening
• affix –ing = “ kill “ → kill-ing →killing
• affix –ing = “ force “ → force-ing → forcing
• give, gave, given ( ablaut )
• forget, forgot, forgotten ( ablaut )
• lose, lost, lost ( ablaut )
• write, wrote, written ( ablaut )
• wear, wore, worn ( ablaut )
• blow, blew, blown ( ablaut )
• buy, bought, bought ( ablaut )
• draw, drew, drawn ( ablaut )
• drive, drove, driven ( ablaut )
• know, knew, known ( ablaut )
• see, saw, seen ( ablaut )


3. Find adjective inflection as much as you can

No Origin Words suffix -er Suffix -est
1. bitter bitterer bites
2. clever cleverer cleverest
3. grey greyer greyest
4. folksy folksier folksiest
5. narrow narrower narrowest
6. terrible terrible terrible
7. funny funnier funniest
8. hungry hungrier hungriest
9. busy busier busiest
10. angry angrier angriest
11. happy happier happiest
12. wet wetter wettest
13. hot hotter hottest
14. thin thinner thinnest
15. deep deeper deepest
16. poor poorer poorest
17. small smaller smallest
18. long longer longest
19. thick thicker thickest
20. late later latest
21. strange stranger strangest
22. nice nicer nicest
23. white whiter whitest
24. blue bluer bluest
25. tall taller tallest